SS-31 10mg Spray (Elamipretide / Bendavia) is a research-grade synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide formulated in a pre-metered liquid vehicle for non-invasive laboratory research. Characterized by its unique alternating aromatic-cationic motif, SS-31 (sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, where Dmt is 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain efficiency. Formulated as a stabilized solution at a strength of 10mg, each bottle supports reproducible mitochondrial respiration and cytoprotection investigations.
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SS-31 10mg Spray is a synthetic 4-amino-acid mitochondria-targeted peptide solution designed to evaluate non-invasive mucosal transport kinetics and inner mitochondrial membrane structural protection. Functioning as a cardiolipin-stabilizing agent, SS-31 prevents oxidative damage to anionic lipids, restoring inner mitochondrial cristae structure and optimizing electron transfer through complexes I-IV, driving ATP synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) leakage. Unlike standard cytoprotective powders, this 10mg spray variant provides a concentration-verified, pre-dissolved liquid format calibrated for precise laboratory assays.
Researchers continue to investigate SS-31 across major areas of pathology and pharmacology, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiovascular dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases, and cellular senescence models. The intranasal spray formulation is of exceptional scientific interest because it allows researchers to study epithelial membrane transport kinetics of highly polar, positively charged tetrapeptides and direct olfactory-to-brain CNS peptide uptake pathways, enabling mitochondria-targeted ligands to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and directly access central cerebral structures to protect neurons from oxidative stress. Formulated with high-purity research-grade materials and verified by HPLC, SS-31 10mg Spray is a specialized molecular tool for laboratories examining mitochondrial bioenergetics under controlled conditions.
SS-31 10mg Spray is a research-grade synthetic peptide solution developed for laboratory investigations involving mitochondrial biology, cytoprotection, and non-invasive delivery methods. Chemically classified as a Szeto-Schiller mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, it comprises 4 amino acid residues with the sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, containing the non-proteinogenic amino acid 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) and an amidated C-terminus. As an investigational compound, SS-31 is studied for its ability to bind selectively to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, optimizing bioenergetics.
From a molecular research perspective, SS-31 Spray provides a valuable model for investigating the transport kinetics of highly basic, polar tetrapeptides across epithelial cell layers. Standard peptide studies frequently depend on parenteral routes; however, liquid spray preparations enable researchers to evaluate how small cationic peptides cross mucosal membranes, interact with tight junctions, and engage localized cellular targets. This spray format is particularly suited for research involving nasal mucosal cell lines.
Current laboratory investigations examine SS-31's selective interaction with cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid located exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Cardiolipin is critical for stabilizing inner membrane folds (cristae) and organizing electron transport chain (ETC) complexes into respiratory supercomplexes. SS-31 binds to cardiolipin through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, preventing its oxidation by cytochrome c peroxidase complexes. This protection maintains cristae structure and optimizes electron transfer through complexes I-IV, minimizing electron leakage and ROS generation.
Beyond structural cardiolipin stabilization, researchers use SS-31 to explore cell survival in ischemia-reperfusion models. Studies evaluate how mitochondrial membrane potential maintenance and reduced oxidative stress suppress apoptotic cascades (preventing cytochrome c release and caspase-3/9 activation). This pathway is studied to analyze cellular protection thresholds, mitochondrial DNA integrity, and tissue survival under metabolic stress conditions.
In neurobiology and central nervous system (CNS) research, the intranasal spray format provides an optimized experimental model for studying direct blood-brain barrier (BBB) bypass. Researchers evaluate whether mucosal delivery via olfactory or trigeminal nerve pathways facilitates direct transport of mitochondria-targeted peptides to hypothalamic and cortical structures. This allows the study of central neuroprotection, microglial metabolic shifts, and cognitive aging pathways without systemic variables.
Each bottle of SS-31 Spray is manufactured using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), followed by purification and solution formulation steps. The resulting active peptide is dissolved in a stabilized, buffered aqueous solution calibrated to ensure exact concentration per metered spray activation. Quality control protocols include reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for purity verification and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for molecular identity confirmation.
To preserve the stability of the peptide in solution, SS-31 Spray should be stored under refrigeration (2°C to 8°C) and protected from light. Because basic peptides can undergo slow oxidation or degradation in aqueous environments over time, maintaining refrigerated storage and minimizing atmospheric exposure is critical to preserving peptide integrity. Proper handling supports consistent concentration and analytical reproducibility across laboratory protocols.
Scientific interest in SS-31 continues to expand as researchers seek to characterize its stability, cardiolipin interactions, and transport kinetics. Nevertheless, many aspects of its cellular signaling and epithelial transport remain active areas of scientific inquiry. Ongoing studies continue to refine the understanding of mitochondria-targeted peptides in biological systems. For this reason, SS-31 Spray should be regarded as an investigational compound whose primary value lies in advancing scientific knowledge of mitochondrial biology.
SS-31 Spray is supplied exclusively for laboratory research and analytical applications. It is intended for Research Use Only (RUO) and is not approved for human consumption, therapeutic use, veterinary use, or diagnostic purposes.
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